Why Did Alexander the Great Burn Persepolis

In May 330 B.C., a little over a month before Alexander the Great went after the escaped, last, Great King of the Achaemenid Persians (Darius III), he burned the kings palaces at Persepolis for reasons we will never know for sure. Especially since Alexander later regretted it, scholars and others have puzzled over what motivated such vandalism. The reasons suggested generally boil down to intoxication, policy, or revenge (perversity) [Borza]. Alexander needed to pay his men, so he had allowed them to pillage the ceremonial capital city of Persepolis, once the Iranian nobles opened their gates to the Macedonian king. The first century B.C. Greek historian Diodorus Siculus says Alexander took an amount estimated to be almost 3500 tons of precious metals from the palace buildings, carried away on innumerable pack animals, perhaps to Susa (future site of the mass marriage of Macedonians, like Hephaestion, to Iranian women, in 324). 71 1 Alexander ascended to the citadel terrace and took possession of the treasure there. This had been accumulated from the state revenues, beginning with Cyrus, the first king of the Persians, down to that time, and the vaults were packed full of silver and gold. 2 The total was found to be one hundred and twenty thousand talents, when the gold was estimated in terms of silver. Alexander wanted to take some money with him to meet the costs of the war, and to deposit the rest in Susa and keep it under guard in that city. Accordingly he sent for a vast number of mules from Babylon and Mesopotamia, as well as from Susa itself, both pack and harness animals as well as three thousand pack camels.—Diodorus Siculus Nor was the money found here less, he says, than at Susa, besides other movables and treasure, as much as ten thousand pair of mules and five thousand camels could well carry away.—Plutarch, Life of Alexander Persepolis was now Alexanders property.   Who Told Alexander to Burn Persepolis? The Greek-writing Roman historian Arrian (c. A.D. 87 - after 145) says Alexanders trusty Macedonian general Parmenion urged Alexander not to burn it, but Alexander did so, anyway. Alexander claimed he was doing it as an act of revenge for the desecration of the Acropolis in Athens during the Persian War. The Persians had burned and razed the gods temples on the Acropolis and other Athenian Greek property between the time they massacred the Spartans and company at Thermopylae and their naval defeat at Salamis, where almost all the residents of Athens had fled. Arrian: 3.18.11-12 He also set the Persian palace on fire against the advice of Parmenion, who argued that it was ignoble to destroy what was now his own property and that the peoples of Asia would not pay heed to him in the same way if they assumed he had no intention of governing Asia but would merely conquer and move on. [12]But Alexander declared that he wanted to pay back the Persians, who, when they invaded Greece, had razed Athens and burned the temples, and to exact retribution for all the other wrongs they had committed against the Greeks. It seems to me, however, that in doing this Alexander was not acting sensibly, nor do I think there could be any punishment for Persians of a bygone era.—Pamela Mensch, edited by James Romm Other writers, including Plutarch, Quintus Curtius (1st century A.D.), and Diodorus Siculus say that at a drunken banquet, the courtesan Thais (thought to have been a mistress of Ptolemy) urged the Greeks to take this revenge, which was then accomplished by a tippling procession of arsonists. 72 1 Alexander held games in honour of his victories. He performed costly sacrifices to the gods and entertained his friends bountifully. While they were feasting and the drinking was far advanced, as they began to be drunken a madness took possession of the minds of the intoxicated guests. 2 At this point one of the women present, Thais by name and Attic by origin, said that for Alexander it would be the finest of all his feats in Asia if he joined them in a triumphal procession, set fire to the palaces, and permitted womens hands in a minute to extinguish the famed accomplishments of the Persians. 3 This was said to men who were still young and giddy with wine, and so, as would be expected, someone shouted out to form the comus and to light torches, and urged all to take vengeance for the destruction of the Greek temples. 4 Others took up the cry and said that this was a deed worthy of Alexander alone. When the king had caught fire at their words, all leaped up from their couches a nd passed the word along to form a victory procession in honour of Dionysius.5 Promptly many torches were gathered. Female musicians were present at the banquet, so the king led them all out for the comus to the sound of voices and flutes and pipes, Thais the courtesan leading the whole performance. 6 She was the first, after the king, to hurl her blazing torch into the palace. —Diodorus Siculus XVII.72 It may be that the courtesans speech was planned, the act premeditated. Scholars have sought clear motives. Perhaps Alexander agreed to or ordered the burning to send a signal to the Iranians that they must submit to him. The destruction would also send the message that Alexander was not simply a replacement for the last Achaemenid Persian king (who had not yet, but would soon be assassinated by his cousin Bessus before Alexander could reach him), but instead a foreign conqueror.   Sources Fire from Heaven: Alexander at Persepolis, by Eugene N. Borza;  Classical Philology, Vol. 67, No. 4 (Oct 1972), pp. 233-245.Alexander the Great and His Empire, by Pierre Briant; Translated by Amelie Kuhrt Princeton: 2010.Not Great Man History: Reconceptualizing a Course on Alexander the Great, by Michael A. Flower;  The Classical World, Vol. 100, No. 4 (Summer, 2007), pp. 417-423.The Aims of Alexander, by P. A. Brunt;  Greece Rome, Second Series, Vol. 12, No. 2, Alexander the Great (Oct., 1965), pp. 205-215.

American Dream Achievability - 996 Words

Do you think the American Dream is achievable? â€Å"I think the American Dream says that anything can happen if you work hard enough at it and are persistent, and have some ability. The sky is the limit to what you can build, and what can happen to you and your family.† (Sanford I. Weill) Before I get into why the American dream is achievable, I think it is important to know what the American dream is. The American Dream is a phrase referring to the freedom that allows all citizens and most residents of the United States to pursue their goals in life through hard work and free choice.The American dream focuses on the success of the individual (not the wellbeing of the whole population). An example of someone who is living (or has lived)†¦show more content†¦Look at how far he made it. There are innumerable examples of others whove risen from obscurity and/or poverty to do very well for themselves and their families. This proves, at least by some measures, yes, the American Dream IS achievable. It is good to have dreams and aspirations because its sets you a goal in life and makes you stand out from the rest, because it’s like having your own purpose. Without dreams, people wouldn’t try to be or even to do anything. People would also have a miserable as well as pointless life with no passion. Furthermore, once you have achieved what you may look at as the American dream, you should continue to push your boundaries. People are encouraged by their own success and usually these same people will wish to go further. But, in many cases people are simply not motivated. A four letter word hinders many: work. There are those who feel entitled to a fancy house, big car, and large salary. They do not understand that for most people not born into privilege, work and self-improvement and persistence is the recipe for success. In Conclusion, my family lives the American Dream. I will hopefully live the American dream and MOST of my friends and neighbors are living the dream. This proves that it is achievable .If you are not willing to work for the American dream, you never will achieve it. And I wont feel the least bit sorry for you. Just stop relying on theShow MoreRelatedJames Truslow Adams And The American Dream1392 Words   |  6 Pages While the idea of the American Dream became more popular during the 17th to 20th centuries, the achievability remained elusive due to a static and hierarchical social order that prevailed throughout this time. Thus, the tireless claims of the New Left for a reformed society are supported by the unchanging accessibility of the American Dream. In his book The Epic of America (1931), James Truslow Adams defined the American Dream as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer andRead MoreThe American Dream : The Inequality Of The American Dream1061 Words   |  5 PagesThe American dream is one the main reasons many choose to move to the United States in hopes of gaining a better life not only for themselves but for their children. But with so many people striving to achieve their dream, the playing field has become more and more competitive making the dream a complete nightmare to achieve. From getting into colleges for degrees to obtaining desired job positions, moving up the social ladder has become a more strenuous task than ever before. 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Or is it? Americans will agree that since it’s conception, the American dream has changed dramatically. However, whether or not the dream has changed for the better is a matter of opinion. In orderRead MoreThe Self -Made Man, The Epitome Of The â€Å"American Dream†1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe self-made man, the epitome of the â€Å"American Dream† is a paragon of virtue, independence, and success. The American dream can be defined as a ‘rags-to-riches’ story. In his novel The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald challenges the reality of the American dream through Nick Carraway, a fairly well-off young man with no tangible life goals. Since Nick does not have a real dream, he compares the many dreamers in his life to the ideal self-made man. Fitzgerald conveys that upward class mobility isRead MoreThe Right Direction Towards Advancement1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe uncertainty behind these said dreams to greatly increase. The talk of this fantasy or delusion analysis still will remain controversial centuries from now as it seemed centuries ago, but the research continues to grow and make large steps in the right direction towards advancement. (Jung 87) Although most of the dream world presents itself as unknown, scientists now approach a breakthrough that seems virtually impossible--video recording the images of dreams that people leave when they bed downRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1861 Words   |  8 Pagessociety in which it takes place, and such an understanding, at least to a reasonable extent, certainly enhanced my own personal reading of the issues Fitzgerald presents in the text. The social issues of class and class mobility, The idea of the American Dream, multiple moral dilemmas and the values or virtues held closely by us are all explored by Fitzgerald through the use of generic codes. The society Fitzgerald writes from is far different from our own. In the early 1920s, when Gatsby was writtenRead MoreLeadership Skills For Managers By Identifiers Marlene Caroselli1557 Words   |  7 Pagesparamount. To give an idea, the following statistics offer information concerning the amount of Americans experiencing stres s, both at home and at work. According to the American Psychological Association (2012) â€Å"approximately, seven in 10 Americans, report that they experience physical (69 percent) or non-physical symptoms (67 percent) of stress† (para. 05). Finally, since this applies to all Americans, managers not only must acknowledge their own stressors, but also subordinate stressors. WhileRead MoreMalala Yousafzai s Impact On The United States And Western World2523 Words   |  11 Pagesexample of a group of people who dream big, but often have trouble achieving their goals. When they are young and naive they want to be astronauts, firefighters and professional athletes; however, as they grow up they learn what is expected of them in society and change their aspirations. In the novel Little Women by Louisa May Alcott, Meg, Jo, Beth, Amy and Laurie have similar ideas when they are young. For many, however, it is hard to understand the achievability of their goals and these individualsR ead MoreThe Development Of Luxury Industry1920 Words   |  8 Pagessame time, people’s vanities also be expended by luxury which cause the distorted definition of success. The development of luxury industry never leaves human’s vanity. People want to look rich but not poor, specially, in United States and under American Dream. According to â€Å"Sales of the Luxury in Selected Countries in 2013† (see figure 1), the country which has the highest â€Å"sales of the luxury goods† in 2013 is United States which is almost four times higher than Japan which is in the second place

Biological Explanations for Anorexia Nervosa Psychology

Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa Biological explanations for anorexia nervosa include neural explanations and evolutionary explanations. 1st BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATION - Neurotransmitters -Serotonin Disturbances in the levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin appear to be a characteristic of individuals with eating disorders. Kaye 2005 found a reduction in the levels of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA in people with eating disorders. This suggests that brain serotonin pathways are underactive. Using PET scans it has been shown that there are fewer serotonin receptors in the brains of those with eating disorders. The brain serotonin system has been implicated in personality traits linked with eating disorders such as†¦show more content†¦Birth complications may lead to brain damage cause by hypoxia (lack of oxygen). This may impair the neurodevelopment of the child. Favaro et al 2006 offers research support for birth complications being implicated in anorexia. Following a group of children from birth to adulthood, it was found that immediately before or after any obstruction of the blood supply to the placenta increased the risk of developing eating difficulties amp; a low birth weight. Bulik et al 2005 suggest that mothers with anorexia expose their offspring to a ‘double disadvantage’ amp; that nutritional factors may be implicated if mothers have an eating disorder – the transmission of genetic vulnerability to anorexia amp; inadequate nutrition during pregnancy. Research support for the role in anorexia can be offered by Mindberg and Hjem whom found that a high percentage of anorexics were born at least3 weeks premature. However not all babies that are subject to pregnancy and birth complications will then go on to have AN amp; such view that complications will result in AN is highly deterministic. -Season of Birth Research also suggest that individuals with AN are more likely to have been born during the spring months (Eagles et al 2001). Explanations for this associating include intrauterine infections during pregnancy and temperature at time of conception. For example Willoughby et alShow MoreRelatedPsychological Perspectives On Mental Health Disorders1728 Words   |  7 Pages‘healthy’ (Warwick-Booth, Cross Lowcock, 2012). Both psychological perspectives and health psychology look into peoples behaviours, however health psychology is looking rather towards the link between an individuals health and their behaviours. An example given by Warwick-Booth, Cross Lowcock (2012) was smoking; many do it however it is a behaviour that is compromising to ones health. 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Kinsey, inadequate feeling of himself, which gained himRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa4434 Words   |  18 Pages 1 Psychology of Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is currently viewed by society as an extremely complicated disorder, misunderstood, over looked, and misjudged based on the stigmas of society. People who suffer from eating disorders like Anorexia do not always report the fact they are in living with the disorder because they are ashamed or scared of what might happen to them or what people will say. An individual may also feel that they do not met the exact criteria of Anorexia Nervosa in theRead MoreEssay on The Fear of Fat Criterion Within the DSM IV1626 Words   |  7 Pagesfitness equipment and support groups to mold individuals into the proposed ideal form. This evidence alone suggests a strong case for the possibility of a pathological fear of fat. Is this fear, however, the driving force behind all cases of anorexia nervosa and bulimia? 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Improvements for the Texas Capital Punishment System Essay

Improvements for the Texas Capital Punishment System Few issues in the United States today are as emotionally charged and controversial as the death penalty. Formally know as capital punishment, the death penalty has been hotly debated not only as a legal issue, but as a religious, ethical, and political one, historically as well as in the present day. Although many states currently administer the death penalty, Texas has been put in the spot light this past year because of the recent presidential race. The moral question of whether or not it is right to kill another human being is ever-present in todays society. However, when looking at it from a political standpoint, one must also consider whether or†¦show more content†¦However, this is a very non-factual picture. There is very little to no blood in electrocutions. Secondly, the method of choice is currently lethal injection. In response to those who fondly quote the eighth amendment, the Constitution actually makes reference to the death penalty not one, but twice. The first occurrence is in the fifth amendment of the Bill of Rights, which says that, no person shall be held to answer for a capital...crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury... nor be deprived of life... without due process of law (Stewart 21). In other words, the Constitution is specifying that the death penalty may be used, but warns that there are certain stipulations that must first be met. The second mentioning is in the Fourteenth Amendment which says states shall not, deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process (Stewart 22). Once again, the same law regarding the death penalty is passed on to the states. In either case, the constitution is permitting the death penalty, but stating that there must be a due process in which the verdict is made. The death penalty was legalized in Texas in 1923. It was instituted as an alternative to lynching and county level executions. Since Texas was a rather prejudice state, lynching were common after the abolition of slavery. After the death penalty was instituted, the number of lynchings was significantlyShow MoreRelatedCapital Punishment : An Ultimate Torture Method Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pages Capital punishment has been used as a penalty for criminal behavior for many years; however, its’ utilization has not been constant throughout American history. The basis of capital punishment has undergone a number of changes and improvements in the past, essentially alternating in and out of public favor. At its’ start, capital punishment was ultimately used as a means of torture. Criminals were bludgeoned, boiled, burned, torn apart by animals, etc.—it was an ultimate torture method. ThroughoutRead MoreShould The Death Penalty Be Abolished?. 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This kind of punishment is the most severe form in the U.S. todays and it has different type which lethal injection is the most common (â€Å"Ethics and Law†). Also, many religious arguments have conflict in both side of death

Australian Dairy Industry

Question: Discuss about the Australian Dairy Industry. Answer: Introduction Inglenook Dairy was established by Troy and Rachel Peterken in 2011. This is a family owned business that produces a variety of dairy products to its precious customers. In current, the business of Inglenook Dairy has been influenced by its competitors (Inglenook Dairy. 2017). This research paper is helpful to examine the structure of the Australian Dairy Industry and intermediate market effectively. Along with this, the paper also inspects Inglenook Dairys current strategy and also investigates the existing opportunities as well as threats within the dairy industry. Structure of the Australian Dairy Industry The Australian dairy industry is the third biggest dairy exporter in the world. Along with this, the industry is the third prime rural industry in Australia. It exports approximately 50% of the production to other nations. The industry produces an assortment of dairy products such as: milk powder, milk, butter, yoghurt, and cheese. The dairy industry mainly focuses in the region south-east of Australia. Moreover, the Australian dairy industry is standardized by the Dairy Produce Export Control Act 1924-1938 (Cth) (The Australian Dairy Industry. 2011). In current, the industry is the third largest agricultural industry of the nation with a gross profit of more than $4 billion per annum. On the other hand, in 2001, the deregulation within industry influenced the structure of the industry. It is because of, since deregulation in 2001, the Australian dairy industry is operating its business in a highly deregulated industry milieu. Moreover, due to the deregulation, the dairy industry has become a major subject of competition in the marketplace (Dairy Australia. 2012). After deregulation, Australia has started export around 40% of production instead of 50%. The below graph is helpful to show the effects of deregulation within industry: (Source: The Australian Dairy Industry. 2011). Along with this, The Australian dairy industry has applied the Dairy Structural Adjustment Program (DSAP) to eradicate state as well as federal legislation within industry. Moreover, a large number of players (dairy firms) exist within the dairy industry. It shows perfect competition market structure of the Australian dairy industry. Moreover, the dairy firms are obliged to produce quality products because of the perfect competition market structure of the industry (ADIC. 2014). In this way, it can be assumed that, the structure of the Australian dairy industry is highly competitive. Therefore, the dairy firms are bound to offer high quality products at lower costs in order to maintain their profitability in the marketplace. Along with this, the below diagram is helpful to show that how raw milk is formed into dairy products and also distributed as well as marketed to final consumers. (Source: OECD. 2011). The above image fully illustrates the stages that are used to convert raw milk in dairy products and also distributed to the end-users. Structure of Intermediate Markets in the Production Distribution of Final Dairy Products This section analyzes the perfect competition market structure as the intermediate market in the production as well as distribution of final dairy products. Along with this, there are numerous competitors exist in the marketplace those produce intermediate goods with the help of raw milk. These goods may be skimmed milk powder, cream, cheese, etc. Moreover, the producers and distributors of these goods are considered as the intermediate producers because of they also produce substitute goods in the intermediate markets (Dairy Australia. 2017). On the other hand, at the present time, there are a lot of dairy firms or producers those produce these intermediate goods within nation. Whats more, there are many distributors those distribute these intermediate goods or products in Australia. This thing show that intermediate market also exists within nation. Apart from this, according to Dairy Australia, in current, dairy industry is facing a lot of challenges at the time of production stage of milk. Intermediate goods and perfect competition structure are the major reasons of these challenges in Australia. The major issue that is involved in the production is related to the investment (Courvisanos, Wells and Kesting, 2011). Due to the perfect competition structure, the dairy firms require huge amount of money to survive in the marketplace. The high investment may create financial risks to the dairy firm and it affects the production of milk usually. Furthermore, in Australia, almost all the dairy firms produce intermediate market or vertically market related products and this thing also make competition tough among competitors. In Australia, there are many dairy firms those produce as well as distribute final dairy products to the end-users (ABC Rural. 2013). As a result, because of these intermediate goods, the perfect competition mark et structure of the Australian industry has become more complex competitive to the producers and distributors also. Implications of the Market Structures in the Industry After the finical crisis 2007-2008, there can be seen a decrease in the demand of the Australian dairy products. This situation led the decline in the prices and profits at various stages of the production chain of dairy industry. Along with this, the bargaining power of supplier can be seen low within industry because of a lot of dairy firms or producers deal in the same products. But, the buying power of customers is high because of many dairy firms exist in the marketplace. As a result, customers have many alternatives those reduce the power and profits of producer at various stages of the production (Lee, 2012). Moreover, the price of dairy products is highly volatile within industry that also declines the profits of the producers in Australia. The decline in input price, divergence of markets, and food security standards regulations also influence profits over pricing within industry. Apart from this, the need of high investment and financial risks related to the dairy business also influence profits at various stages of the industry. Current Strategy of Inglenook Dairys to Capture the Profit of Industry Inglenook Dairys adopts and implements numerous effective strategies to capture more and more potential profit of the industry. Inglenook Dairy executes these strategies into the processing as well as marketing of its own dairy products. For case, Inglenook Dairy produces and distributes top quality milk as well as dairy products within nation. Moreover, the dairy develops strong relationship with the producers of raw milk to fulfill the necessity of dairy products and to cover more profit within industry (Pryce and Hayes, 2012). Inglenook Dairy also implements a boutique model to produce dairy products and to distribute these products within the market in an immediate manner. This boutique model plays a significant role to provide competitive advantages and profits in the competitive marketplace. In this way, the current strategies of Inglenook dairy are beneficial and according the needs requirements of the dairy industry. Opportunities or Potential Threats to Long Run Profits In the Australian dairy industry, a lot of opportunities exist that Inglenook Dairy can capture to earn long run profits within industry. For case, the major opportunity is that the demand of dairy products is increasing in all over the world. In the condition, Inglenook Dairy can cover market of other countries especially Asian countries to earn long run profits effectively. Apart from this, there are some potential threats such as: high competition within industry, climate change, input prices, etc. that may influence the long run profitability of Inglenook Dairy. Recommendations to Achieve the Dairys Goal of Sustainable Long Run Profitability There are some major suggestions or recommendations that might be helpful to Inglenook Dairy in order to accomplish its goals of sustainable long run profitability effectively. First of all, Inglenook Dairy should use advanced technologies to produce and distribute its products in the international market quickly. Along with this, Inglenook Dairy should expand its product line and market to fulfill the need of customers in a proper way. Inglenook Dairy should adopt and implement innovative business models to produce innovative dairy products and to offer the existing products in a more innovative way. Inglenook Dairy should make more use of Social media to know the valuable suggestions of customers (Mazzarol, 2014). In this way, these strategies would be beneficial to Inglenook Dairy to achieve its goals of sustainable long run profitability. Conclusion On the basis of the above analysis, it can be assumed that, the Australian dairy industry is a very popular industry in the world. It is famous because of its quality dairy products. The industry survives in a highly competitive market. Along with this, it is also observed that, Inglenook Dairy uses a lot of important strategies to survive and to capture more profits within industry. References ABC Rural (2013). Milking the profits whos talking the cream? Available At: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-04-22/milk-wars/4639078 [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] ADIC. (2014). Australian Dairy Industry. Available At: https://www.australiandairyfarmers.com.au/pdf/submissions/2014/ADIC-Agricultural-Competitiveness-Issues-Paper-April-2014.pdf [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Courvisanos, J., Wells, P. and Kesting, S. (2011). Political Aspects of Innovation in the Australian Dairy Industry. Available At: https://federation.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/27871/008-2011-Courvisanos.pdf [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Dairy Australia. (2012). Dairy 2012 Situation and Outlook Summary Report. Available At: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/~/media/Documents/Stats%20and%20markets/S%20and%20O/S%20and%20O%20May%202012/Situation%20%20Outlook%20Summary%20Report%20FinalLR%20FINAL.pdf [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Dairy Australia. (2017). About the Industry. Available At: https://www.dairyaustralia.com.au/Industry-information/About-the-industry.aspx [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Inglenook Dairy. (2017). Home. Available At: https://inglenookdairy.com.au/ [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Lee, T. (2012). Milk Wars. Available At: https://www.abc.net.au/landline/content/2012/s3561483.htm [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] Mazzarol, T. (2014). The role of co-operative enterprise in Australian agribusiness, The Conversation. Available At: https://theconversation.com/the-role-of-co-operative-enterprise-in-australian-agribusiness-22147 [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017] OECD. (2011). Competitiveness and Private Sector Development Competitiveness and Private Sector Development: Kazakhstan 2010 Sector Competitiveness Strategy: Sector Competitiveness Strategy. USA: OECD Publishing. Pryce, J. and Hayes, B. (2012). A review of how dairy farmers can use and profit from genomic technologies. Animal Production Science, 52(3), pp.180-184. The Australian Dairy Industry. (2011). The Basics. Available At: https://www.pwc.com.au/industry/agribusiness/assets/australian-dairy-industry-nov11.pdf [Accessed On: 21st Jan. 2017]

Basketball Comparison Essay Research Paper Clash of free essay sample

Basketball Comparison Essay, Research Paper Clang of the Colossuss Some are born great, some achieve illustriousness, and some have illustriousness push upon mutton quad. ( 2, V, 77, Twelfth Night. ) What makes a great hoops participant? The National Basketball Association ( NBA ) consists of many gifted participants, all of whom have the potency to go great. Among the prolific scorers, looming shooting blockers, diligent rebounders, and originative passers, none is more meriting for the rubric of great participant than Vince Carter of the Toronto Raptors and Kobe Bryant of the Los Angeles Lakers. Both participants have developed their accomplishments really rapidly and have emerged as the NBA s brightest stars. Though each participant covets the rubric, Carter is more likely to go the following hoops great. His leading qualities, solid defence, and violative art do his hoops skills superior to those of Kobe Bryant. Great hoops participants are frequently characterized as great leaders. There is no uncertainty in Toronto who the squad leader is. Vince Carter s presence in Toronto has made hoops popular in Canada and has improved the squad s public presentation. In every twelvemonth since Carter s inaugural season, the Raptor s record has improved perceptibly. Many people agree that he is besides the chief ground the Toronto Raptors made the playoffs for the first clip in franchise history last season. Carter may non be the most vocal participant on the squad, but harmonizing to hoops analyst, Marv Albert, Vince is a leader by illustration. Give him the ball in crunch clip and acquire out of the manner. Let [ Charles ] Oakley do the barking, Vince will work the thaumaturgy. Oakley can state # 8216 ; em how it # 8217 ; s done, but Vince will demo you. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sportstalk.com/nba/head/head_3-31-00.shtml ) Carter besides displays his leading qualities on an international degree. During the 2000 Summer Olympics, he led the United States hoops squad in hiting and finally capturing the gold decoration. Unlike Carter, Kobe Bryant s leading properties is questionable and has been criticized by his squad on many occasions. Take the instance of Bryant s answer to head manager, Phil Jackson s instructions to allow Shaquille O # 8217 ; Neal be the focal point of the discourtesy. Kobe said, Turn my game down? I need to turn it up. I # 8217 ; ve improved. How are you traveling to bottle me up? ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alleyoop.org/kobe/article2 ) Bryant s response to his manager s instructions is selfish. Alternatively of doing the forfeit for his squad and traveling with a proved winning expression, that is, allow Shaq take the shootings, Bryant makes himself the Laker s foremost violative option without the blessing of the manager, and more significantly, the squad members. Equall y long as Bryant believes that the person is more of import than the squad, he will neer be as great a leader as Vince Carter is. When a immature participant takes on the function of a leader, his desire to win grows vastly, and many managers agree that it is defense mechanism that will win games. Vince Carter is one of the best defensive participants in the conference. His long weaponries and extraordinary strenuosity allow him to fit up with any hiting guard and most forwards. In today s NBA, it is rather rare to see a hiting guard supporting a forward but what Carter lacks in size, he makes up for in adeptness. His defensive Numberss are rather surprising sing the fact he is non known as a defensive participant. Carter amasses an norm of 3.70 defensive recoils per game, 1.33 bargains per game and 1.15 blocks per game. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/vince_carter/career_statistics.html? nav=TextNavBar ) It should besides be noted that Carter must support against participants five inches taller than he and that there is no other intimidating presence on the floor to endorse up Carter on defense mechanism. Carter s opposite number, Kobe Bryant, averages about the same ; 3.10 defensive recoils per game, 1.22 bargains per game and 0.67 blocks per game. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/ kobe_bryant/career_statist ics.html? nav=TextNavBar ) Because of the talented defensive participants on the floor alongside Bryant, his Numberss should be significantly higher than Howard carters, but in contrast, they are lower. Bryant does non necessitate to worry about any participant trickling past him because he has the seven pes one inch giant, Shaquille O Neal, playing behind him. No participant in their right head would desire Shaquille O Neal, the most daunting participant in the NBA, guarding them over Kobe Bryant. Kobe merely has to support against the shooting, a occupation the Numberss show, he does non make good. As a consequence, Vince Carter is a more various guardian than Kobe Bryant. Although defence is an of import portion of the game, most people will hold that discourtesy is normally what separates the good participants from the great participants. Probably the most explosive and advanced violative participant in the conference, Vince Carter has been a consistent scorer since the beginning of his professional calling. He has accumulated an norm of 24.0 points per game, 0.460 field end per centum, 1.90 violative recoils per game and 3.6 aids per game in his calling. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/kobe_bryant /career_statistics.html? nav=TextNavBar ) Defenders normally pick their toxicant when covering with the Toronto Raptor s go-to adult male. His build and adeptness allow him to drive strong to the basket or let go of a speedy leap shooting. Chris Wallace, General Manager of the Boston Celtics, says, Vince Carter is the most explosive jock that is out at that place at the two-guard place. His overall game started to catch up to his strenuosity this past season, and that plumbers snakes good for his hereafter. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.angelfire.com/ny3/VinceCarter15/ss.html ) Similar to Carter, Kobe Bryant is an first-class violative participant, with a broad assortment of violative arms. Bryant is able to interrupt down the guardian with his speedy drip or stroke a leap shooting from the margin. Throughout his calling, the former, National High School Player of the Year norms 18.2 points per game, 0.454 field end per centum, 1.20 violative recoils per game and 3.3 aids per game. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/kobe_bryant/career_statistics.html? nav=TextNavBar ) The largest disagreement between Vince Carter and Kobe Bryant is the points per game. Vince norms about six more points a game than Kobe, and his norm additions significantly each twelvemonth. Although Bryant s violative accomplishments have tremendous potency, how can he presently be considered the following great participant when he averages fewer than 20 points a game? Because Vince Carter excels offensively, and his Numberss surpass those of Kobe Bryant, there is no st atement as to who is the better violative participant. The rubric of great participant can merely be applied to one who excels in many countries of the game. Despite the fact that Vince Carter and Kobe Bryant are both astonishing participants, Carter s leading accomplishments, strong defence, and explosive discourtesies make him a more likely pick to obtain the rubric of illustriousness. When Carter is proclaimed as a hoops great, the lone inquiry that will stay is: Which participant will win him as the following great participant? Bibliography Alleyoop Network. Quotes. The Kobe Bryant Zone. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alleyoop.org/kobe/quotes, 1996 Birnbaum, Darrin. Head to Head. Sports Talk. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sportstalk.com/nba/head/head_3-31-00.shtml, 31 March. 2000 Divine Revelation Inc. Vince Carter Article Vince Carter 15. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.angelfire.com/ny3/VinceCarter15/ss.html, 2000 National Basketball Association. Player Statistics. NBA.com. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/kobe_bryant/career_statistics.html? nav= TextNavBar, 21 Feb. 2001 National Basketball Association. Player Statistics. NBA.com. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nba.com/playerfile/vince_carter/career_statistics.html? nav= TextNavBar, 21 Feb. 2001 Shakespeare, William. Twelfth Night. London: Oxford University Press, 1914.

The role of advertising in the Indian Economy free essay sample

More of the people from the richest to the poor will participate in the world’s capital through global Trading. The emerging global economy will bring us into worldwide competition with significant advantages for both marketers and consumers. With satellite communications and global companies consumers are demanding an ever expanding Variety of goods. Indian economy had been forced and shaped by policies of import replacement and an dislike to free trader. Real competition was eliminated through import ban and prohibitive tariffs and foreign competition. Industry was so completely regarded that those with proper license would count on a specific share of the market. Now however times have changed and India has embarked on a transformation. Indian economy grew dramatically and is among the Big Emerging Markets. It has a large middle class about more than 300 million (the size of USA). Among them are college graduates, 40% with degree in science and engineering. India has a diverse industrial base and is developing as a center for computer software. These advantages give India’s reform programmes enormous potential . India has a weak infrastructure but the Indian government plans to address these deficiencies. The private sector has been allowed entry into power generation, oil and gas exploration, Telecommunication and civil aviation. An estimate 100 to 300 million Indian posses sufficient disposable income to form an expanding consumer class. As India is developing, incomes change, expectations for a better life adjust to higher standards and social capital investments are made, market behaviour changes and eventually groups of consumers with common tastes and needs arise. With the rise of incomes, new demand is generated at all income levels for everything from soap to automobiles. The poorest slums in Kolkata are home to 1,00,000 TVS and video facilities. More household money goes for food in emerging markets than in developed markets then the next category of expenditure is for appliances and other durables. The role of advertising Establishing a brand image in emerging markets is an important strategy. Intense competition and increasing sophistication has led to a need for more sophistication in advertising strategies. Advertisers have to function at the highest creative level. Of course boundaries are placed on creativity by legal, language, culture, media, product and cost limitations. Sales promotion efforts are used to supplement advertising and personal selling; This is to stimulate consumer purchases and improve retailer effectiveness and co-operation. Local ad agencies have expanded as the demand for advertising services by MNCs have grown Liberalisation policies of the Indian government have resulted in changes in life styles, changes in needs and wants of consumers. The bargaining power of consumers, of suppliers, threat of new entrants with substitute products and ‘jockeying’ among players in the market can be witnessed today. Breaking up of market segments, products and brand launches, niche marketing and positioning are some of the strategies widely used by Indian advertisers. The rural market has opened up new vistas for advertisers selling consumer products. Tetra packs, Sachets, synthetic bottles have had a revolutionary impact on packaging aspects , leisure and luxury products have thrown open new markets. (health, beauty parlours, credit cards etc.) Brands are vying with one another to obtain a favourable perception of consumers. Advertisers are trying to create brand personalities entity which consumers can emotionally associate themselves. Advertisers are depicting products with new psychological perspectives, wrist watches, designer wear, two wheelers, chocolates and now the Nano, are being given a symbolic orientation by advertisers. The social benefits of the increased advertising are; The increase in employment which in turn generated income and results in the per capita income. More product innovation take place. Society is better informed and has a wider and wiser choice. The awareness level increases. Social activists instil a civic sense and competition ensures better quality products. This leads to higher standard of living. Advertising supports 60% of media costs It can be concluded the effects of advertising upon society, come in mixed forms, depending on the purpose and execution of various campaigns. However, society as we know it is based very heavily upon advertising, and the negative social and economic impact are not serious enough to outweigh the many positive social and economic effects on our society. No one can predict what new forms advertising will take in the future. However the rapidly increasing cost of acquiring new customers makes one thing certain. Advertisers will seek to hold onto the current customers by forming closer relationships with them and by tailoring products, services and advertising messages to meet their individual needs. So while advertising will continue to encourage people to consume, it will also help provide them with products and services which are more likely to satisfy their needs. The field of advertising contributes different benefits to different fields of activities and to different segments of the market, Consumers ads provide basic communication to inform them about products. Ads motivate consumers by various appeals. The welfare role of ads is also important. Ads generate an increase of sales, help build brands, enhance the institutional image and help the growth of the economy. The social responsibility of advertising has increased. It sustains the media. The role of advertising can broadly said to be -distribution role -employer role -life style enhancing role -consumer choice provider role -consumer welfare role -price reducer role through increase in demand and providing economies of scale

Physical and Chemical Changes Chemistry Lab Report free essay sample

The main objective of this experiment is to differentiate between a physical change and a chemical change. A physical change includes a change in the material without affecting its composition, such as the physical state change. However, a chemical change includes the change in the composition of the substance. The change in color, formation of a gas or a solid product, and the production of energy are the evidences of a chemical reaction, thus, of a chemical change. ? Materials Crucible tongs Evaporating dish Glass rod Test tubes Test tube rack Thermometer Analytical balance Magnesium ribbon pH paper 1M copper (II) sulfate Iron metal 6M hydrochloric acid ? Procedure Magnesium and oxygen test A small strip of magnesium metal is held on one end with a pair of crucible tongs, while the other end is ignited with the flame of Bunsen burner. The burning ribbon is held over a clean evaporating dish so that the ash formed falls into the dish. We will write a custom essay sample on Physical and Chemical Changes Chemistry Lab Report or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When the burning is complete, about 10 drops of water were added to the ash formed in the evaporating dish and the contents are stirred with a clean glass rod. Then, a pH paper is touched with the tip of the rod which is wet with the solution. Iron and copper (II) sulfate About 3ml of 1M copper (II) sulfate is placed in a small test tube where a screw, piece of iron metal, is added into the solution. Changes observed after one, five and fifteen minutes are to be recorded. Iron and hydrochloric acid A small test tube is half filled with 6M aqueous hydrochloric acid solution. The test tube is then placed in the test tube rack and a thermometer is inserted into the solution to measure its temperature. A clean iron strip, a screw, is placed into the test tube after weighing its initial mass using the analytical balance. A change in the temperature is to be recorded. The iron strip is removed after 10 minutes from the solution, washed with water and reweighed. ? Results Magnesium and oxygen test When burning the magnesium ribbon, heat and energy were produced. The ribbon was transformed into grey ash. When the tip of the rod touched the pH paper, the color of the pH paper became blue. Iron and copper (II) sulfate After 1 minute, a slight change in the color of the iron strip was noticed. It became somehow darker. After 5 minutes, the iron strip color starts to change. After 15 minutes, the iron strip was corroded (its color was reddish brown), and the color of the solution slightly changed to green. Iron and hydrochloric acid Initial temperature of the 6M aqueous HCl: 28 Â °C Initial iron strip mass: 0. 472 g Highest temperature observed: 28. 5 Â °C Bubbles were observed. Mass of the final iron strip: 0. 469 g